( CLASS - 6th ) CHAPTER - 10 Development of Civilisations
1.What did the thick forests provide to the people of Indus valley?
The thick forest provided to the people of Indus valley is sufficient timber for kilns and for building boats.
2. Lists the occupation of the Indus valley people.
The main occupations of people of Indus Valley Civilisation were farming ,weaving, pottery, toy making, metal work and trading.
Toys
Toys
3. What type of climate did the Indus Valley have ?
The Indus Valley had moist climate .
4. How was the dress of the men of Indus valley different from that of the women?
- The men dressed themselves in a long cloth tied like a dhoti and the women wore a long lehnga with a shawl.
- Their clothes were mostly made of cotton
- They were fond of ornaments like necklaces, rings and bangles
Jewellery
- They also used cosmetics face powder and kajal
5.Why did the early civilisations develop on the river banks ?
Civilizations developed around rivers because their waters provided places to hunt and fish. Also, as the rivers flooded, the lands around them became fertile.
E
1. List any three features of the Indus valley civilization which tell us that it was an urban civilisation.
Indus Valley civilisation is also known as Harappa valley civilisation and as because it was built like a city so it was known as urban civilisation
- Its mode of construction resembled city like atmospheres. The houses and other living building construction were imitating the urban culture of construction.
- The people of Indus valley civilization entrusted upon the cleanliness of their living society due to which they constructed drainage system as it was seen in urban areas.
- The inner construction of the houses found in Harappan civilsation were having bath rooms with bath tubs as well as separate small sized room for clothing etc.
Indus Valley Civilisation
2. What reasons were responsible for the decline of Harappan culture ?
The Harappa civilization was not built in a day and it was not destroyed in one day or for one reason.
- Due to change in the climatic condition, the area lost fertility and people were compelled to move else where.
- Constant use of firewood for brick manufacture caused deforestation and minimized the rainfall.
- The change of course of the river Indus transformed it into a tract of sand and affected the fertility.
- Natural calamities like earthquake and cyclon...
3. Explain the town planning system of the Indus people.
Town planning is the unique feature of Indus valley civilization. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. The Indus cities were built on an uniform plan. Town planning was amazing in nature. A few cities have citadels to the West built on higher platform and to the east of which is the hub of residential area. Both of them are surrounded by a massive brick wall. The cities without citadel are found on high mounds.
Town Planning of Indus Valley Civilization
Streets
The streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. They were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. The streets and roads divided the city into rectangular blocks. The Dustbins were also provided on the streets. These prove the presence of good municipal administration.
Drainage System
One of the most remarkable features of the Indus valley civilization is that the city was provided with an excellent closed drainage system. Each house had its own drainage and soak pit which was connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street. They were covered and had manholes at intervals for cleaning and clearing purposes.Thus Indus people had a perfect underground drainage system.
The Great Bath
The most striking feature in Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath. It consists of a large quadrangle. In the centre, there is a huge swimming pool (approximately 39 ft long, 23 ft wide and 8ft deep) with the remains of galleries and rooms on all four sides. It has a flight of steps at either end and is fed by a well, situated in one of the adjoining rooms. The water was discharged by a huge drain with corbelled roof more than 6 ft in depth. The Great bath had 8 ft thick outer walls. This solid construction has successfully withstood the natural ravages for 5000 years. There were arrangements for hot water bath in some rooms.
Granaries
The largest building in Mohenjodaro is granary which is 45.71 mtrs long and 15.23 mtrs wide. In Harappa there are a series of brick platforms which formed the base for two rows of 6 granaries each. In the Southern part of Kalibangan brick platforms have also been found. These granaries safely stored the grains, which were probably collected as revenue or store houses to be used in emergencies.
Buildings
People of Indus valley civilization built houses and other buildings by the side of roads. They built terraced houses of burnt bricks. Every house had two or more rooms. There were also more than one storied houses. The houses were designed around an inner courtyard and contained pillared halls, bath rooms, paved floors, kitchen, well etc. Besides residential quarters, elaborate structures have also been found. One of these buildings has got the biggest hall measuring 80 ft long and 80 ft wide. It might have been a palace, or temple or hall for holding meetings. The workmen quarters are also found. There was an excellent system of water supply. There were public wells by the side of streets. Every big house had its own well.
4. Which two things helped the people of Indus valley to have bumper harvest and how ?
1) The Indus river which help for the agriculture growth and to support the Indus Valley civilisation.
2) The climate, region of Indus valley which also help in the agricultural purposes.
5. Bring out the similarities and differences between the features of the Indus valley civilisation and Egyptian civilisation.
The following are the differences between the Egyptian civilization and the Indus valley civilization:
1. The Egyptian civilization flourished around the Nile river whereas, the Indus valley civilization flourished around the river Indus.
2. The agriculture of the people of Egyptian civilization depended on flooding of river Nile; whereas, the annual monsoons was the main source of water for agriculture in the Indus valley civilization.
3. The artists of the Egyptian civilization built temples, pyramids and extensive statues of Gods and Kings. However, the artists of the Indus valley civilization made comparatively small figures of humans and animals.
Similarities
- They both flooded and left silt
- They were both important for living
- boats and traveling
- started on the river valley
- hot and dry
- both had thin clothing
- very hot
- men- only wore clothes on the lower half of their body
- women- wore a long dress
Comments
Post a Comment