( CLASS - 6th ) CHAPTER - 13 The Mauryan Dynasty



 1. Who was Seleucus Nicator ?
Seleucus I Nicator ("Seleucus the Victor") (c. 358 BC – 281 BC) was one of the generals friends of Alexander who were given, or took control of, his empire.

 He was the commander of Alexander.



2. List the main sources of information about Mauryan dynasty.
  • Puranas
  • Buddhist & Jain literature
  • Kautilya's Arthashastra
  • Ashoka's edicts on rocks & strong pillars.
  • Remains of the monuments.

3. Which lake was built by Chandragupta Maurya and why ?
Sudarshan Lake was built up by Chandra Gupt Maurya.....

Because.....
He wanted to get best irrigation facilities in his kingdom and to control over his citizens....

 4. Name the languages in which Ashoka's teachings were engraved.

 Ashoka got his teachings engraves on rocks and strong pillars in local languages like Kharoshthi,
Pankrit, Greek and Aramatic. These teachings are known as his edicts.

5. What advice was given by Ashoka to his sons and grandsons?
He advised his sons and grandsons not to conquer new countries
They were advised to go in for Dharma Vijay, i.e winning the hearts of people.

E

 1. Describe the finest examples of the architecture of the Mauryan period. 

The finest examples of  architecture can be seen in the form of stone pillars with shinning surfaces.
These pillars were crowned with animal figures and Dharmachakra .
The top of a stone pillar, with four lions and a  Dharmachakra has been adopted as our National Emblem
                                               
                                                                       Ashoka Pillar Sarnath
                                                   
                                        
  • The Lion Capital discovered more than a hundred years ago at Sarnath, near Varanasi, is generally referred as Sarnath Lion Capital.
  • It is one of the finest examples of sculpture from Maury an period and was built by Ashoka in commemoration of‘ Dhammachakra pravartana’ or the first sermon of Buddha.
                                                           National Emblem of India

Note - The seal of the four lions (National emblem) can be seen on all official papers, notes & coins of India

2. Explain the main features of Ashoka's Dhamma related to social and ethical code of conduct.

The two main features of Ashoka's Dhamma related to social and ethical code of conduct are -

  1. Everybody should serve parents; care and love all living creatures and animals
  • Follow and adopt the path of truth; be kind of slaves, servants & workers, respect all elders, brahmins, teachers, monks
  • Follow non-violence; have tolerance & peace.   
    2.
  • Everybody should avoid arrogance, enemity, sacrifice of animals Fighting for religion and land.
  • He wanted that his people  should live in harmony  with each other. He respected and patronised all religions.
  • Ashoka's state was really a welfare state. He treated his people as a father would treat his children 
  • He gave maximum facilities to his people. 


3.  What did Ashoka do for the welfare of his people ?

Welfares done by Ashoka for his people are -

1) Ashoka built good roads and planted tress on both side of the road.

2) Ashoka built rest houses for travellers.

 3) He constructed wells and adopted new techniques for agriculture.

4) Ashoka built many hospitals both for people and animals.

5) Ashoka regularly went on tours and tried to solve the problems of his subjects.

6) Old age home were also established during his rule.


4. Describe briefly ,the social and economic life of the people during the Mauryan period.

 Social Condition 

  • The life of people was peaceful and prosperous in the society  
  • Most people married within their own caste & followed their parental trade or profession .
  • People lived peacefully and harmoniously with each other and obeyed laws. 

Economic Condition:
Agriculture 
Many dams and lakes were constructed to provide irrigation facilities, Canals were also dug 
 The land suitable for agriculture was measured and channels were inspected through which water was distributed.
Taxation
The taxes were collected from artisans, traders and peasants. 
The highest officer who was in charge of assessment of tax was known as Samaharta while the chief custodian of the state treasury and store house was called Sannidhata. The taxes were collected in kind as well as cash.
Currency
The peacock was the imperial currency of Mauryan Empire.
Transport
The royal road ran from Patliputra to Nepal through Vaishali and Champaran.. There were other roads which connected strategic locations within the empire. This facilitated transport. The rivers were also used as routes of communication.
5. How did the Kalinga war prove to be a turning point in the life of Ashoka ? 
In the war of  Kalinga, many people died. Ashoka saw this and his heart melted.He understood that war only brings destruction of families. I will not fight any war again So he gave up war and propagated dhamma and Buddhism. 

  • There was a huge loss of life & property.
  • The horror of war and cries of the widows and children deeply moved Ashoka. 
Hence the Kalinga war prove to be a turning point in the life of Ashoka.



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