(CLASS - 7th) CHAPTER - 15 The Mughal Empire (Questions and the Answers)

1. What was Din-i-Ilahi and who started it ? 

Din-i-Ilahi was not a religion but a socio-religious path to bridge the differences among different communities.

Akbar started Din-i-Ilahi.



2. Why is Shah Jahan known as an 'Engineer King' ?

Shah Jahan was known as the 'Engineer King' because the Mughal architecture reached its peak under him. The Taj Mahal built by him is counted among one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Apart from it, he built Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) and built the famous Red Fort

3. What was the political condition of India before Babur's invasion ?

At what time , India was an easy prey for any invader, it was divided into a number of small states.
These small kingdoms were incapable of standing up any foreign aggression  .



4. State the main features of Jahangir's rule.

Jahangir consolidated his territories and developed the administrative system that was introduced by his father. The court culture of the Mughals flourished under his rule .
He had a keen interest in gardens . Jahangir re-started the war with Rajputs. 


5. Briefly explain the 'mansabdari system'.

Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system based on rank or position in the official hierarchy .
The mansabdars were responsible for both civil and military administration.

E1. Mention the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne.

•Humayun had inherited an empty treasury.

•He had to face opposition from his brothers, relatives, Afghans and Rajputs.•He multiplied his problems with his own follies.•He was addicted to opium.•He lacked military ability.•His father had failed to crush the power of Afghans . 

2. Compare the religious policy of Akbar with that of Aurangzeb.

•Akbar

1. Akbar set up Ibadat  khana at Fatehpur Sikri where religious discussions were held every Friday evening

2. Akbar started Din-i-)llahi (divine faith) in a 1582 by blending the good points of all religions like Hinduism, Christianity Jainism and other faiths with Islam. Din-i-llahi was not a religion but a social religious path to bridge the differences among different communities.

•

Aurangzeb

•1. He abolished the duties (rahadari) and Octroi (pandari) to pledge his subjects. He was a Muslim fanatic and opposed religious tolerance.

2. It is continued the practice of inscribing the kalima on the coins and abolished the celebration of the new year day (nauroz).

3. Describe Shah Jahan’s Deccan policy.

• Shah Jahan’s Deccan policy of the Mughal’s entered a new phase.

• He annexed Ahmadnagar and Daulatbad.

• He forced the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to accept his supermacy. In 1936, Shah Jahan retired to Agra and appointed Aurangzeb as the governor of Deccan.  

4. Describe the uniform system of administration established by the Mughals.

• The Mughals managed to unite the country politically. They established a uniform system of administration which was a combination of both Indian and Persian systems.

• They believed in the supreme authority of the king. A strong army and efficient ministers assisted the emperor. The whole empire was divided into Subas (provinces) which were governed by Subedars (governors).

• The diwan s was the collector of land revenue. The kotwal löoked after the law and order in the city.

5. List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire.

•The religious intolerance of Aurangzeb turned the  Rajputs  against him, who had always supported.

•The Mughal empire, same was the condition of Sikhs and the Marathas.

•Weak and inefficient successors of Aurangzeb provided an open invitation for internal rebels And foreign invasions .