Social Science

1. Name the layers of the atmosphere. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere  2. How do plants absorb nitrogen ? Plants absorb nitrogen through soil with the help of Rhizobium bacteria. This is used by plants to support their growth & development. 3. What is the importance of water vapours in the atmosphere ? The importance of water vapours in the atmosphere is that it gets collected around the dust particles which acts as a Hydroscopic molecules and get condensed to form clouds. 4. Name the different variables of temperature. a) Forecast of temperature. b) Humidity c) Rainfall d) Velocity of air 5. What type of climate does India have ? India have monsoonal type of climate. E 1. What is the importance of C02 and O2 for living beings ? Oxygen :- a) All living organisms inhale oxygen from the surrounding to stay alive. Thus, it is a life supporting gas. b) The atmosphere is continuously replenished of oxygen by the green plants throug...

1.What is the special feature of sedimentary rocks ? This type of rocks are layered and therefore, are also called stratified rocks. 2. How are metamorphic rocks formed ? Rocks which originally are igneous or sedimentary in nature, get changed in character and appearance due to the heat and pressure. 3. What is lava ? The temperature inside the earth converts the solid rock into molten state. Sometime the hot material called the lava comes out through cracks or joints. 4. Why are igneous rocks called the primary rocks ? The igneous rocks are also called primary rocks as they were formed first over the earths surface from molten material that come out from earth surface from the lava. 5. What are sediments ? The igneous rocks are subjected to weathering and denudation over the years by the agents of gradation. The continuous action of the agents on rocks breaks them into small rock pieces that are carried by rivers. They are then deposited on the river beds or sea be...

1. Specify two differences between internal and external forces . Any process working on the earth's surface and bringing changes on it, is known as external process. The external process may lower the level of land by wearing away rock particles. It can also raise the level of land where the soil particles are deposited. Internal Forces  are  forces between  objects found inside the system 2. Name the various agents of gradation. Various agents of gradation. Running water Wind Ice Sea Waves    3. Distinguish between transported and residual soil. The weathering process breaks the rocks into small particles then carried away by water , wind, etc and later get deposited at a new place . Such soil is called transported soil. But, When the soil is formed by the weathering of a parent rock and remains present on the same site, it is called residual soil. 4. How is delta form? Before meeting the sea , the river becomes large and slu...

1. Which period is known as the medieval period in Indian history ? 8th to 10th CE is known as the medieval period in Indian history. 2. Which period is known as the medieval period in European history ? 5th to 15th CE is known as the medieval period in European history. 3. List the well-known literary sources of information of the medieval period.   The literary sources of information of the medieval period are - 1.Religious works and commentaries (based on Purana's, Smrities, etc) 2. Social, economic, political and military conditions of that period 3. Medicine, astronomy, dramas, stories and other literature. 4. Name the foreign visitors who wrote travel accounts of medieval period of India. The foreign visitors who wrote travel accounts of Medieval period of India are - Ibn Battutah. Macro Polo Bernierca 5. List the technological developments of the medieval period The technological developments of the medieval period are - ...

1. Name the four main clans of the Rajputs . Paramaras (Malwa) Pratiharas (Rajasthan-Gujrat)  Chauhans (Ajmer) Chalukyas (Gujarat) 2. Mention the titles taken by Rashtrakuta rulers. Chakravarti Maharahadhiraj Param Battarak 3. Who was Chand Bardai ? Chand Bardai composed an epic poem , Prithviraj Raso which narrates his bravery and heroism. 4. List the temples built of Pratiharas rulers ? Khajuraho Kanchipuram Thanjavur Bhubaneswar Puri  Konark  5. Give reasons for the decline of feudal system in north India. The feudal system led to the decline of many empires as the feudal lords gave only a small part of the land revenue to the king .This weekened the power of the kings .Thats why the feudal system declined in north India. Feudal system became powerful and established independent empires.    E. 1. Why is the period after Harshavardhan's death called a period of political instability ? Harshvar...

1.What did the thick forests provide to the people of Indus valley? The thick forest provided to the people of Indus valley is  sufficient timber for kilns and for building boats. 2. Lists the occupation of the Indus valley people. The main occupations of people of Indus Valley Civilisation were farming ,weaving, pottery, toy making, metal work and trading.                                                                          Toys 3. What type of climate did the Indus Valley have ? The Indus Valley had moist climate . 4 . How was the dress of the men of Indus valley different from that of the women ? The men dressed themselves in a long cloth tied like a dhoti and the women wore a long lehnga with a shawl. Their clothes were mostly made of c...

1. What were Mahajanapadas ? Name any four of them. A number of kingdoms expand and developed into large kingdoms are called  mahajanapadas KASI , KOSALA , ANGA , and MAGHADA 2. What was the status of  Magadha under the Nandas ? Under the NANDAS, MAGADHA was a large MAHAJANAPADA. but, later on he captured by the CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA. 3. What made the people drift away from Brahamanism ? The rigidity of Varna System and the strict rituals made the people drift away from Brahamanism  . 4. Mention any two achievements of Ajatshatru. He conquered 36 kingdoms and republican states to build a powerful Magadha Empire,  which included present-day Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh. He constructed a new fort on the banks of River Ganges to strengthen Magadha’s security, known as Patali grama, which later developed as ...

1. What is rotation ? How much time does earth take in completing one rotation ? Rotation – Rotation is the movement of the Earth on its axis from West to East.                           It completes one round in about 24 hours. 2. What is meant by the revolution of the earth? • Revolution – Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path or orbit.   3. What is a leap year? A leap year is a year that has one extra day in it. A leap year occurs roughly every four years. Most years have 365 days, but a leap year has 366 days. The extra day is added onto the end of the shortest month, February; in a leap year, February has 29 days (instead of its usual 28 days). February 29 is called leap day. 4 .What is an equinox ? Which seasons are indicated by it in both the hemispheres ? Equinox is the position of the Earth when the rays of the Sun fall directly o...

 1. Who was Seleucus Nicator ? Seleucus  I  Nicator  (" Seleucus  the Victor") (c. 358 BC – 281 BC) was one of the generals friends of Alexander who were given, or took control of, his empire.  He was the commander of Alexander. 2. List the main sources of information about Mauryan dynasty. Puranas Buddhist & Jain literature Kautilya's Arthashastra Ashoka's edicts on rocks & strong pillars. Remains of the monuments. 3. Which lake was built by Chandragupta Maurya and why ? Sudarshan Lake was built up by Chandra Gupt Maurya..... Because..... He wanted to get best irrigation facilities in his kingdom and to control over his citizens.... 4. Name the languages in which Ashoka's teachings were engraved. Ashoka got his teachings engraves on rocks and strong pillars in local languages like Kharoshthi , Pankrit , Greek  and Aramatic . These teachings are known as his edicts. 5. What advice was given by Ashoka to his ...